mdcat biology past papers Mcqs

1

The word 'Biology' is derived from two words from which language?

A

Latin

B

Greek

C

Roman

D

Arabic

2

Which major field of Biology is the study of animals?

A

Botany

B

Microbiology

C

Zoology

D

Morphology

3

The study of the internal physical structure of organisms is called?

A

Physiology

B

Histology

C

Morphology

D

Anatomy

4

Which branch deals with the study of fossils?

A

Genetics

B

Palaeontology

C

Ecology

D

Taxonomy

5

Molecular Biology deals with the study of molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and what else?

A

Vitamins

B

Minerals

C

Nucleic acids

D

Hormones

6

The study of the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring is known as?

A

Embryology

B

Genetics

C

Cytology

D

Histology

7

Which field studies the relationships between organisms and their environment?

A

Ecology

B

Pathology

C

Immunology

D

Marine Biology

8

Biochemistry is the study of the chemical reactions of processes like photosynthesis and what other process?

A

Digestion

B

Circulation

C

Respiration

D

Excretion

9

In Biophysics, what principles are applied to biological processes?

A

Chemistry

B

Mathematics

C

Physics

D

Statistics

10

The use of living organisms to develop beneficial products is central to which field?

A

Biostatistics

B

Bio-economics

C

Biotechnology

D

Biogeography

11

A career in Medicine and Surgery requires which degree?

A

BDS

B

DVM

C

Pharm-D

D

MBBS

12

According to the Quranic verses mentioned, every living thing was made from what?

A

Clay

B

Fire

C

Water

D

Light

13

The Human Genome Project, which involved molecular biology, genetics, and computer science, is an example of what?

A

Individual research

B

Scientific law

C

A failed project

D

Interdisciplinary collaboration

14

What is the first step in the scientific method?

A

Hypothesis

B

Experiment

C

Observation

D

Recognition of a problem

15

Observations that can be measured and expressed in numbers are called?

A

Qualitative

B

Quantitative

C

Subjective

D

Theoretical

16

A tentative explanation for an observation or scientific problem is called a?

A

Theory

B

Law

C

Deduction

D

Hypothesis

17

In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the factor being tested is the?

A

Control group

B

Experimental group

C

Standard group

D

Variable group

18

A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, supported by extensive evidence, is a?

A

Hypothesis

B

Deduction

C

Theory

D

Observation

19

Who discovered Plasmodium in the blood of malarial patients in 1878?

A

Ronald Ross

B

A. F. A. King

C

Louis Pasteur

D

Laveran

20

The hypothesis 'Plasmodium is the cause of malaria' was tested by examining the blood of how many malarial patients?

A

50

B

100

C

150

D

200

21

What was the key observation made by A. F. A. King regarding mosquito nets?

A

They attracted mosquitoes

B

People under nets had fewer chances of getting malaria

C

They were ineffective

D

They were only used outdoors

22

Ronald Ross performed his crucial experiments on which animal to study malaria transmission?

A

Rats

B

Monkeys

C

Sparrows

D

Dogs

23

Which type of mosquito did Ross find Plasmodium multiplying in?

A

Culex

B

Aedes

C

Anopheles

D

Mansonia

24

In 1898, Italian biologists confirmed that which mosquito transmits malaria to humans?

A

Aedes

B

Culex

C

Anopheles

D

All of them

25

The branch of biology that deals with the classification of organisms is?

A

Taxonomy

B

Palaeontology

C

Physiology

D

Genetics

26

Which career involves advising on proper dietary habits to promote health?

A

Pharmacology

B

Public Health

C

Nutrition and Dietetics

D

Genetic Counselling

27

A 4-year BS degree is required for a career in Forensics to analyze what?

A

Financial records

B

Computer data

C

Physical evidence from crime scenes

D

Historical documents

28

The Quranic verse 'He made man from clay like the potter' is from which Sura?

A

Al-Ambia

B

Al-Nur

C

Al-Rehman

D

Al-Mominoon

29

The study of the functioning of body parts is called?

A

Anatomy

B

Morphology

C

Physiology

D

Cytology

30

Histology is the microscopic study of what?

A

Cells

B

Tissues

C

Organs

D

Organisms

31

Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their what on the body?

A

Cost

B

Production

C

Effects

D

Color

32

What is the estimated age of the oldest known fossil, a Cyanobacterium?

A

1.5 billion years

B

2.5 billion years

C

3.5 billion years

D

4.5 billion years

33

The logical consequence drawn from a hypothesis is called a?

A

Result

B

Theory

C

Deduction

D

Law

34

What was the only known remedy for malaria from the 17th to the 20th century?

A

Aspirin

B

Penicillin

C

Quinine

D

Herbal tea

35

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a hypothesis?

A

It can be tested

B

It is a proposed statement

C

It is always proven correct

D

It matches available observations

36

The study of form and structure of organisms is called?

A

Anatomy

B

Physiology

C

Morphology

D

Ecology

37

What is the study of the development of an organism from a fertilized egg?

A

Genetics

B

Embryology

C

Cytology

D

Pathology

38

Which interdisciplinary science uses mathematical models to understand biological systems?

A

Biophysics

B

Biochemistry

C

Computational Biology

D

Biostatistics

39

Analysis of biological data using computational tools is the focus of which career?

A

Biomedical Engineering

B

Bioinformatics

C

Public Health

D

Veterinary Medicine

40

The profession of farming includes growing crops and raising animals for what?

A

Research

B

Companionship

C

Food and other products

D

Conservation

41

According to the Quran, some animals walk on two legs, some on four, and others creep on their?

A

Backs

B

Heads

C

Bellies

D

Tails

42

Which step in the scientific method comes after making deductions?

A

Observation

B

Hypothesis

C

Experiments

D

Forming a law

43

The group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment is called the?

A

Experimental group

B

Variable group

C

Test group

D

Control group

44

A scientific law is described as a?

A

Complex explanation

B

Tentative idea

C

Uniform or constant fact of nature

D

Detailed report

45

What observation linked malaria to specific geographical areas?

A

High altitude

B

Dry deserts

C

Marshy areas

D

Cold climates

46

Ronald Ross was a British army physician working in which country?

A

Pakistan

B

Egypt

C

India

D

South Africa

47

The study of cells is known as?

A

Histology

B

Anatomy

C

Cytology

D

Embryology

48

Which branch deals with the study of life in oceans?

A

Ecology

B

Marine Biology

C

Biogeography

D

Palaeontology

49

Aedes mosquito is known to transmit which disease?

A

Malaria

B

Dengue fever

C

Yellow fever

D

Zika virus

50

The branch of biology that deals with diseases, their causes, and effects is called?

A

Immunology

B

Pathology

C

Pharmacology

D

Biotechnology

51

What is the method of reproduction in bacteria?

A

Budding

B

Spore formation

C

Binary fission

D

Grafting

52

In protists like Amoeba, what divides first during binary fission?

A

Cytoplasm

B

Cell membrane

C

Nucleus

D

Cell wall

53

Yeast, a unicellular fungus, commonly reproduces by which method?

A

Binary fission

B

Spore formation

C

Budding

D

Fragmentation

54

What are the thick-walled asexual reproductive cells produced by fungi like Rhizopus called?

A

Gametes

B

Zygotes

C

Spores

D

Buds

55

What is the sac-like structure in which Rhizopus produces spores?

A

Sporangium

B

Anther

C

Ovary

D

Bud

56

Bacteria form which structures to survive unfavourable environmental conditions?

A

Zygotes

B

Gametes

C

Endospores

D

Buds

57

What is the type of asexual reproduction where a new plant is produced from a root, stem, or leaf?

A

Spore formation

B

Grafting

C

Vegetative propagation

D

Sexual reproduction

58

Which of the following is a horizontal stem that grows above the ground and is used for reproduction by strawberry plants?

A

Rhizome

B

Tuber

C

Stolon

D

Bulb

59

A fleshy underground stem with 'eyes' that can grow into new plants, as seen in potatoes, is called a?

A

Rhizome

B

Bulb

C

Corm

D

Tuber

60

Ginger and ferns reproduce using a horizontal stem that grows below the ground called a?

A

Stolon

B

Tuber

C

Rhizome

D

Bulb

61

Onions and tulips reproduce by using which underground structure?

A

Tuber

B

Bulb

C

Corm

D

Rhizome

62

Which structure is a new shoot that emerges from the base of a parent plant, like a banana tree?

A

Stolon

B

Tuber

C

Sucker

D

Rhizome

63

Which plant can reproduce vegetatively through buds on its leaf margins?

A

Rose

B

Bryophyllum

C

Potato

D

Ginger

64

The method of joining a bud of one plant to the stem of another to combine their characteristics is called?

A

Cutting

B

Layering

C

Grafting

D

Budding

65

What is the main disadvantage of vegetative propagation?

A

It is a slow process

B

Offspring have genetic differences

C

Offspring are sensitive to the same diseases

D

It requires two parent plants

66

The diploid (2n) generation in a plant's life cycle that produces spores is called?

A

Gametophyte

B

Sporophyte

C

Zygote

D

Embryo

67

The haploid (1n) generation in a plant's life cycle that produces gametes is called?

A

Gametophyte

B

Sporophyte

C

Zygote

D

Embryo

68

In angiosperms, what are the organs for sexual reproduction?

A

Roots

B

Stems

C

Leaves

D

Flowers

69

What is the outermost whorl of a flower, made of green leaf-like sepals?

A

Corolla

B

Calyx

C

Androecium

D

Gynoecium

70

The male reproductive structures in a flower are called?

A

Carpels

B

Petals

C

Sepals

D

Stamens

71

The innermost whorl of a flower, made of female reproductive structures, is the?

A

Androecium

B

Calyx

C

Corolla

D

Gynoecium

72

What part of the stamen produces pollen grains?

A

Filament

B

Stigma

C

Anther

D

Style

73

Which part of the carpel is the enlarged base where ovules are produced?

A

Stigma

B

Style

C

Ovary

D

Filament

74

What is the structure that contains the female gametophyte or embryo sac?

A

Pollen grain

B

Anther

C

Ovule

D

Petal

75

A diploid megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to produce how many haploid megaspores?

A

One

B

Two

C

Three

D

Four

76

The mature male gametophyte in an angiosperm is the?

A

Embryo sac

B

Pollen grain

C

Ovule

D

Sperm

77

The generative cell in a pollen grain divides to form how many sperms?

A

One

B

Two

C

Three

D

Four

78

What is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma called?

A

Fertilization

B

Germination

C

Pollination

D

Dispersion

79

The transfer of pollen to the stigma of the same flower is called?

A

Cross-pollination

B

Self-pollination

C

Double fertilization

D

Vegetative propagation

80

What does the tube cell of a pollen grain form after reaching the stigma?

A

Sperm

B

Egg cell

C

Pollen tube

D

Zygote

81

The fusion of one sperm with the egg and the other with the fusion nucleus is called?

A

Pollination

B

Germination

C

Parthenocarpy

D

Double fertilization

82

What does the second sperm fuse with during double fertilization?

A

Egg cell

B

Synergid cell

C

Fusion nucleus

D

Antipodal cell

83

The fusion of the second sperm with the fusion nucleus results in a triploid (3n) tissue called?

A

Embryo

B

Zygote

C

Endosperm

D

Seed coat

84

After fertilization, the ovule develops into a?

A

Fruit

B

Seed

C

Flower

D

Sporophyte

85

After fertilization, the ovary develops into a?

A

Fruit

B

Seed

C

Flower

D

Gametophyte

86

The development of fruit without fertilization, resulting in seedless fruits, is known as?

A

Parthenogenesis

B

Parthenocarpy

C

Apomixis

D

Grafting

87

Which of the following is an example of a seedless fruit produced by parthenocarpy?

A

Apple

B

Orange

C

Banana

D

Mango

88

Protists like Euglena reproduce by which asexual method?

A

Budding

B

Binary fission

C

Spore formation

D

Fragmentation

89

Hydra, an animal, reproduces asexually by which method?

A

Binary fission

B

Budding

C

Spore formation

D

Grafting

90

Sweet potato is grown from which type of cuttings?

A

Stem cuttings

B

Leaf cuttings

C

Root cuttings

D

Flower cuttings

91

Which of the following is NOT part of the carpel?

A

Stigma

B

Style

C

Ovary

D

Filament

92

The sporophyte generation is diploid (2n) and produces haploid (1n) spores by which process?

A

Mitosis

B

Meiosis

C

Fertilization

D

Budding

93

The gametophyte generation produces haploid gametes by which process?

A

Mitosis

B

Meiosis

C

Fission

D

Fusion

94

In the embryo sac, how many nuclei migrate to the center to form a fusion nucleus?

A

One

B

Two

C

Three

D

Four

95

Which part of a flower serves as the base that supports the entire structure?

A

Petal

B

Sepal

C

Receptacle

D

Stamen

96

What is the stalk-like part of the stamen that supports the anther?

A

Style

B

Filament

C

Stigma

D

Ovary

97

Dasheen and garlic reproduce by which underground structure?

A

Tuber

B

Bulb

C

Rhizome

D

Corm

98

Planarians can reproduce asexually by which method?

A

Budding

B

Binary fission

C

Spore formation

D

Grafting

99

The male gametophyte is also known as the?

A

Embryo sac

B

Ovule

C

Pollen grain

D

Anther

100

In biostatistics, which method is used to predict future outcomes based on current data?

A

Designing experiments

B

Drawing charts

C

Creating models

D

Taking average

BIOLOGY MCQs

The word 'Biology' is derived from two words from which language?

Which major field of Biology is the study of animals?

The study of the internal physical structure of organisms is called?

Which branch deals with the study of fossils?

Molecular Biology deals with the study of molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and what else?

The study of the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring is known as?

Which field studies the relationships between organisms and their environment?

Biochemistry is the study of the chemical reactions of processes like photosynthesis and what other process?

In Biophysics, what principles are applied to biological processes?

The use of living organisms to develop beneficial products is central to which field?

A career in Medicine and Surgery requires which degree?

According to the Quranic verses mentioned, every living thing was made from what?

The Human Genome Project, which involved molecular biology, genetics, and computer science, is an example of what?

What is the first step in the scientific method?

Observations that can be measured and expressed in numbers are called?

A tentative explanation for an observation or scientific problem is called a?

In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the factor being tested is the?

A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, supported by extensive evidence, is a?

Who discovered Plasmodium in the blood of malarial patients in 1878?

The hypothesis 'Plasmodium is the cause of malaria' was tested by examining the blood of how many malarial patients?

What was the key observation made by A. F. A. King regarding mosquito nets?

Ronald Ross performed his crucial experiments on which animal to study malaria transmission?

Which type of mosquito did Ross find Plasmodium multiplying in?

In 1898, Italian biologists confirmed that which mosquito transmits malaria to humans?

The branch of biology that deals with the classification of organisms is?

Which career involves advising on proper dietary habits to promote health?

A 4-year BS degree is required for a career in Forensics to analyze what?

The Quranic verse 'He made man from clay like the potter' is from which Sura?

The study of the functioning of body parts is called?

Histology is the microscopic study of what?

Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their what on the body?

What is the estimated age of the oldest known fossil, a Cyanobacterium?

The logical consequence drawn from a hypothesis is called a?

What was the only known remedy for malaria from the 17th to the 20th century?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a hypothesis?

The study of form and structure of organisms is called?

What is the study of the development of an organism from a fertilized egg?

Which interdisciplinary science uses mathematical models to understand biological systems?

Analysis of biological data using computational tools is the focus of which career?

The profession of farming includes growing crops and raising animals for what?

According to the Quran, some animals walk on two legs, some on four, and others creep on their?

Which step in the scientific method comes after making deductions?

The group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment is called the?

A scientific law is described as a?

What observation linked malaria to specific geographical areas?

Ronald Ross was a British army physician working in which country?

The study of cells is known as?

Which branch deals with the study of life in oceans?

Aedes mosquito is known to transmit which disease?

The branch of biology that deals with diseases, their causes, and effects is called?

What is the method of reproduction in bacteria?

In protists like Amoeba, what divides first during binary fission?

Yeast, a unicellular fungus, commonly reproduces by which method?

What are the thick-walled asexual reproductive cells produced by fungi like Rhizopus called?

What is the sac-like structure in which Rhizopus produces spores?

Bacteria form which structures to survive unfavourable environmental conditions?

What is the type of asexual reproduction where a new plant is produced from a root, stem, or leaf?

Which of the following is a horizontal stem that grows above the ground and is used for reproduction by strawberry plants?

A fleshy underground stem with 'eyes' that can grow into new plants, as seen in potatoes, is called a?

Ginger and ferns reproduce using a horizontal stem that grows below the ground called a?

Onions and tulips reproduce by using which underground structure?

Which structure is a new shoot that emerges from the base of a parent plant, like a banana tree?

Which plant can reproduce vegetatively through buds on its leaf margins?

The method of joining a bud of one plant to the stem of another to combine their characteristics is called?

What is the main disadvantage of vegetative propagation?

The diploid (2n) generation in a plant's life cycle that produces spores is called?

The haploid (1n) generation in a plant's life cycle that produces gametes is called?

In angiosperms, what are the organs for sexual reproduction?

What is the outermost whorl of a flower, made of green leaf-like sepals?

The male reproductive structures in a flower are called?

The innermost whorl of a flower, made of female reproductive structures, is the?

What part of the stamen produces pollen grains?

Which part of the carpel is the enlarged base where ovules are produced?

What is the structure that contains the female gametophyte or embryo sac?

A diploid megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to produce how many haploid megaspores?

The mature male gametophyte in an angiosperm is the?

The generative cell in a pollen grain divides to form how many sperms?

What is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma called?

The transfer of pollen to the stigma of the same flower is called?