biology MCQs - 12th class Chapter 13 Mcqs

1

Which of the following is considered a non-renewable resource?

A

Air

B

Forests

C

Coal

D

Water

2

The driving force behind all natural cycles, including the nutrient cycle, is the?

A

Moon

B

Sun

C

Wind

D

Earth's core

3

According to the text, what percentage of the earth's surface is covered with water?

A

30%

B

50%

C

70%

D

90%

4

Which of these is NOT a fossil fuel?

A

Coal

B

Oil

C

Uranium

D

Natural Gas

5

The natural heat energy trapped underground is called?

A

Solar energy

B

Tidal energy

C

Geothermal energy

D

Biomass energy

6

The befouling of the environment by anything produced by humans that is harmful to life is called?

A

Conservation

B

Ecosystem

C

Pollution

D

Deforestation

7

The ozone layer protects Earth from which harmful rays?

A

Infrared rays

B

Gamma rays

C

X-rays

D

Ultraviolet rays

8

The chemical formula for an ozone molecule is?

A

O2

B

O3

C

CO2

D

H2O

9

Which chemical compounds are the main cause of ozone layer depletion?

A

Sulphur dioxides

B

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

C

Carbon monoxides

D

Lead compounds

10

The increase in Earth's temperature due to the trapping of heat by gases like carbon dioxide is known as the?

A

Greenhouse effect

B

Algal bloom

C

Acid rain

D

Ozone depletion

11

Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere lead to the formation of?

A

Smog

B

Pure water

C

Acid rain

D

Ozone

12

The natural process of excessive nutrient enrichment in water, causing large growths of algae, is called?

A

Eutrophication

B

Sedimentation

C

Hydrogenation

D

Distillation

13

What is the study of human populations and the factors that affect them called?

A

Ecology

B

Demography

C

Geology

D

Biology

14

What was the approximate population of Pakistan at the time of independence in 1947?

A

32.5 million

B

100 million

C

150 million

D

50 million

15

The establishment of new forests where none existed previously is called?

A

Deforestation

B

Reforestation

C

Afforestation

D

Cultivation

16

The total number of different species within an ecosystem is referred to as?

A

Population

B

Community

C

Biodiversity

D

Habitat

17

The combustion of leaded petrol is a major source of which pollutant?

A

Oxides of nitrogen

B

Sulphur dioxide

C

Lead compounds

D

Carbon monoxide

18

A disease like scurvy or goiter is caused by?

A

Pathogenic infection

B

Nutritional deficiency

C

Chemical causes

D

Genetic disorders

19

Tides are mainly caused by the gravitational pull of the?

A

Sun

B

Earth

C

Moon

D

Planets

20

What type of energy is obtained from nuclear fuels through fission?

A

Chemical energy

B

Mechanical energy

C

Nuclear energy

D

Solar energy

21

The conversion of waste materials like trash and paper into oil and gas can be done through processes like?

A

Pyrolysis

B

Photosynthesis

C

Respiration

D

Evaporation

22

In an ocean thermal gradient, the surface water temperature is about?

A

5°C

B

15°C

C

25°C

D

35°C

23

The clearing of vast areas of forest for timber or planting crops is called?

A

Afforestation

B

Reforestation

C

Deforestation

D

Erosion

24

According to the text, what percentage of our daily energy requirements are met by fossil fuels?

A

50%

B

75%

C

85%

D

95%

25

Harmful substances such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide are known as?

A

Nutrients

B

Fertilizers

C

Pollutants

D

Resources

26

What is the primary constituent of soil?

A

Only soil particles

B

Soil particles, water, air, and organic matter

C

Only water and air

D

Only organic matter

27

Species that are on the verge of extinction are known as?

A

Domesticated species

B

Abundant species

C

Endangered species

D

Wild species

28

Hydroelectric power harnesses the kinetic energy of?

A

Moving air

B

Falling water

C

Ocean tides

D

Hot steam

29

How long can a typical nuclear power station last?

A

10 years

B

30 years

C

50 years

D

100 years

30

Which of the following is a method of energy conservation mentioned in the text?

A

Using more air conditioning

B

Driving more

C

Recycling

D

Leaving lights on

31

A rapid increase in human population is often termed?

A

Population stability

B

Population decline

C

Population explosion

D

Population migration

32

What do trees that intercept heavy rainfall and release water slowly act as?

A

Environmental hazards

B

Environmental buffers

C

Resource depleters

D

Pollution sources

33

About half of the rain in tropical forests comes from?

A

Oceans

B

Rivers

C

Transpiration by trees

D

Melting glaciers

34

Incomplete burning of carbon compounds, such as in cigarette smoke, produces which harmful gas?

A

Sulphur dioxide

B

Ozone

C

Carbon monoxide

D

Nitrogen dioxide

35

The 'stone cancer' eroding monuments like the Taj Mahal is caused by?

A

Water pollution

B

Soil pollution

C

Acid rain

D

Noise pollution

36

A chemical used to destroy agricultural pests is called a?

A

Fertilizer

B

Herbicide

C

Fungicide

D

Pesticide

37

The steady internal state of homeostasis is also known as?

A

Disease

B

Normal health

C

Disorder

D

Syndrome

38

Alzheimer's disease is classified as what type of disease?

A

Nutritional deficiency

B

Infectious

C

Aging or degenerative

D

Physical disorder

39

Which resource is described as being recycled in nature and never depleted?

A

Renewable resources

B

Non-renewable resources

C

Exhaustable resources

D

Fossil fuels

40

The first humans functioned as natural predators and?

A

Farmers

B

Industrialists

C

Herbivores

D

Engineers

41

What major human activity about 10,000 years ago began to significantly impact the environment?

A

Industrialization

B

Adoption of agriculture

C

Urbanization

D

Hunting

42

From seawater, we can obtain large quantities of?

A

Natural gas

B

Sodium chloride

C

Crude oil

D

Fresh water

43

The process where decayed materials become food for other living things is part of the?

A

Water cycle

B

Nutrient cycle

C

Carbon cycle

D

Nitrogen cycle

44

Which pollutant causes breathing disorders and lung cancer?

A

Lead compounds

B

Sulphur dioxide

C

Carbon monoxide

D

CFCs

45

Organisms that cannot be replaced once they are used up are?

A

Exhaustable

B

Inexhaustable

C

Renewable

D

Recyclable

46

An example of a genetic or congenital disease is?

A

Malaria

B

Scurvy

C

Hemophilia

D

Tuberculosis

47

The turning of turbines at the base of dams is used to produce?

A

Heat energy

B

Hydroelectric power

C

Chemical energy

D

Nuclear power

48

What is a harmful substance released from geothermal energy sites along with steam?

A

Oxygen

B

Clean water

C

Boron and oxides of sulphur

D

Nitrogen

49

A large amount of phosphate from detergents discharged into rivers can cause?

A

Water purification

B

Eutrophication

C

Increase in fish population

D

Cooling of water