biology MCQs - 12th class Chapter 05 Mcqs

1

The permanent and irreversible increase in size that occurs as an organism matures is called?

A

Development

B

Growth

C

Differentiation

D

Maturation

2

In vascular plants, growth occurs through the activity of?

A

Tissues

B

Organs

C

Meristems

D

Cells

3

Which meristems are found at the tips of roots and shoots?

A

Lateral Meristems

B

Intercalary Meristems

C

Apical Meristems

D

Secondary Meristems

4

The increase in the diameter of a stem and root is primarily due to?

A

Apical Meristems

B

Intercalary Meristems

C

Primary Growth

D

Lateral Meristems

5

Which of the following is an example of a lateral meristem?

A

Leaf primordium

B

Root cap

C

Vascular cambium

D

Axillary bud

6

The phase of growth where the number of cells increases by mitosis is called?

A

Elongation

B

Maturation

C

Cell division

D

Differentiation

7

During which phase does the cell volume increase up to 150-fold due to water uptake?

A

Cell division

B

Elongation

C

Differentiation

D

Maturation

8

What is the optimum temperature for maximum plant growth?

A

5-10°C

B

15-20°C

C

25-30°C

D

35-40°C

9

Which color of light enhances cell division but retards cell enlargement?

A

Red light

B

Green light

C

Blue light

D

Infrared light

10

The phenomenon where the duration of light affects flowering is termed?

A

Photosynthesis

B

Phototropism

C

Photonasty

D

Photoperiodism

11

Which plant hormone is mentioned to cause the elongation of cells?

A

Gibberellin

B

Cytokinin

C

Abscisic acid

D

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)

12

The phenomenon where an active shoot apex controls the development of lateral buds is known as?

A

Compensatory effect

B

Inhibitory effect

C

Apical dominance

D

Lateral inhibition

13

Who first showed that apical dominance was caused by auxin diffusing from the apical bud?

A

Spemann

B

Haemmerling

C

Thimann and Skoog

D

Hans Dietrisch

14

The study of growth and differentiation of an organism from a fertilized egg to an adult is?

A

Gerontology

B

Embryology

C

Teratology

D

Histology

15

In the development of a chick, fertilization is?

A

External

B

Internal

C

Both A and B

D

None of the above

16

For artificial incubation of chick eggs, the temperature is usually regulated at?

A

25-28°C

B

30-32°C

C

36-38°C

D

40-42°C

17

What type of cleavage is found in a bird's egg?

A

Holoblastic cleavage

B

Spiral cleavage

C

Radial cleavage

D

Discoidal cleavage

18

Cleavage in a chick embryo results in a disc-shaped mass of cells called the?

A

Gastrula

B

Blastoderm

C

Morula

D

Zygote

19

During gastrulation in a chick, the blastoderm splits into an upper layer and a lower layer called?

A

Epiblast and Mesoblast

B

Ectoderm and Endoderm

C

Epiblast and Hypoblast

D

Mesoderm and Ectoderm

20

The mid-line thickening created by migrating mesodermal cells in a chick embryo is called the?

A

Neural plate

B

Notochord

C

Primitive streak

D

Hensen's node

21

The rod-like notochord in a chick embryo is formed from cells pushing in from the region of?

A

Primitive groove

B

Hensen's node

C

Area pellucida

D

Area opaca

22

The process of forming the neural tube is called?

A

Gastrulation

B

Cleavage

C

Neurulation

D

Organogenesis

23

Spemann's experiments on salamander zygotes demonstrated the importance of which pigmented area for development?

A

Area pellucida

B

Gray crescent

C

Area opaca

D

Yellow cytoplasm

24

In ascidians, the yellow cytoplasm in the fertilized egg gives rise to which type of cells?

A

Larval epidermis

B

Gut

C

Notochord

D

Muscle cells

25

The experiments on Acetabularia demonstrated the developmental control exerted by the?

A

Cytoplasm

B

Cell wall

C

Ribosomes

D

Nucleus

26

The capacity of some cells to evoke a specific developmental response in other cells is called?

A

Differentiation

B

Apical dominance

C

Embryonic induction

D

Regeneration

27

Spemann designated the dorsal lip of the blastopore as the?

A

Secondary organizer

B

Primary organizer

C

Tertiary organizer

D

Neural organizer

28

Negative physiological changes in the body, such as wrinkling of skin and loss of agility, are characteristic of?

A

Growth

B

Development

C

Aging

D

Regeneration

29

The study of aging is called?

A

Embryology

B

Teratology

C

Gerontology

D

Oncology

30

What is the maximum judged human life span in years?

A

90-95

B

100-105

C

110-115

D

120-125

31

The ability to regain or recover a lost or injured part of the body is called?

A

Healing

B

Growth

C

Regeneration

D

Development

32

In planaria, which unspecialized cells migrate to the site of amputation for regeneration?

A

Somites

B

Neoblasts

C

Blastomeres

D

Choanocytes

33

The branch of biology that deals with abnormal developments is known as?

A

Gerontology

B

Embryology

C

Pathology

D

Teratology

34

Klinefelter's Syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality represented as?

A

XO

B

XYY

C

XXY

D

XXX

35

Environmental factors causing abnormal development are grouped together as?

A

Mutagens

B

Carcinogens

C

Teratogens

D

Allergens

36

A condition where individuals are born with a small skull is called?

A

Microcephaly

B

Hydrocephaly

C

Anencephaly

D

Macrocephaly

37

Primary growth in plants is mainly concerned with the?

A

Increase in thickness

B

Extension of the plant body

C

Formation of flowers

D

Production of bark

38

Intercalary meristems are situated at the?

A

Tips of roots

B

Tips of shoots

C

Cylinder of dividing cells

D

Bases of internodes

39

In the phases of plant growth, the final size of a cell is attained during?

A

Cell division

B

Elongation

C

Maturation

D

Differentiation

40

The cavity formed between somatic and splanchnic mesoderm is the?

A

Neurocoel

B

Gastrocoele

C

Blastocoele

D

Coelom

41

The first two cleavage planes in a chick embryo are?

A

Horizontal

B

Vertical

C

Oblique

D

Irregular

42

Which part of the chick blastoderm has a translucent appearance because it is raised off the yolk?

A

Area opaca

B

Zone of junction

C

Area pellucida

D

Hensen's node

43

The anterior end of the neural groove in a chick embryo forms the future?

A

Heart

B

Spinal cord

C

Brain

D

Gut

44

In Spemann's experiment, the half of the salamander zygote lacking the gray crescent developed into?

A

A complete embryo

B

A twin embryo

C

An unorganized piece of belly tissue

D

Nothing

45

Which substance acquires increased cross-linkages in its protein molecules during aging?

A

Elastin

B

Keratin

C

Collagen

D

Myosin

46

If a starfish arm is broken off, it can regenerate a whole new individual if it contains part of the?

A

Madreporite

B

Central disc

C

Tube feet

D

Spines

47

Turner's Syndrome is a condition where?

A

An extra X chromosome is present

B

An extra Y chromosome is present

C

One of the sex chromosomes is missing

D

There are three copies of chromosome 21

48

The clear cytoplasm in a fertilized ascidian egg produces?

A

Muscle cells

B

Gut

C

Larval epidermis

D

Notochord

49

Which meristems are described as perpetual growth zones?

A

Lateral meristems

B

Intercalary meristems

C

Apical meristems

D

Secondary meristems

50

The removal of the shoot apex, which releases lateral buds from apical dominance, is called?

A

Inhibitory effect

B

Correlative effect

C

Dominance effect

D

Compensatory effect