biology MCQs - 11th class Chapter 08 Mcqs

1

The body of a fungus, called mycelium, consists of long, thread-like filaments called what?

A

Rhizoids

B

Haustoria

C

Hyphae

D

Septa

2

Unlike plants, the cell walls of fungi contain which chemical?

A

Cellulose

B

Lignin

C

Pectin

D

Chitin

3

Which term describes hyphae that lack septa and are in the form of an elongated multinucleated cell?

A

Septate hyphae

B

Coenocytic hyphae

C

Dikaryotic hyphae

D

Monokaryotic hyphae

4

What is the characteristic type of mitosis shown by fungi, where the nuclear envelope does not break?

A

Open mitosis

B

Meiosis

C

Nuclear mitosis

D

Amitosis

5

What are the special hyphal tips used by parasitic fungi to absorb nutrients directly from the living host cytoplasm?

A

Rhizoids

B

Stolons

C

Haustoria

D

Conidiophores

6

Lichens are a mutualistic symbiotic association between a fungus and what other organism?

A

A vascular plant

B

A photoautotroph

C

A bacterium

D

A protozoan

7

Which type of mycorrhizae involves fungal hyphae penetrating the outer cells of the plant root?

A

Ectomycorrhizae

B

Paramycorrhizae

C

Vesicular mycorrhizae

D

Endomycorrhizae

8

Fungi store surplus food usually in what form?

A

Starch

B

Sucrose

C

Glycogen or lipid droplets

D

Cellulose

9

Asexual spores that are cut off at the end of modified hyphae, and not inside a sporangium, are called what?

A

Zoospores

B

Ascospores

C

Basidiospores

D

Conidia

10

Unicellular yeasts primarily reproduce asexually by which method?

A

Fragmentation

B

Spore formation

C

Budding

D

Binary fission

11

In Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, the fusion of cytoplasm from two hyphae is called what?

A

Karyogamy

B

Meiosis

C

Plasmogamy

D

Mitosis

12

A fungal hypha containing two nuclei of different genetic types is known as what?

A

Diploid

B

Haploid

C

Monokaryotic

D

Dikaryotic

13

The classification of fungi into four main groups is primarily based on what?

A

Nutritional mode

B

Hyphal structure

C

Sexual reproductive structures

D

Asexual reproduction methods

14

Rhizopus, the black bread mold, belongs to which phylum of fungi?

A

Ascomycota

B

Zygomycota

C

Basidiomycota

D

Deuteromycota

15

In Zygomycetes, the fusion of hyphae directly forms a dormant, thick-walled resistant structure called a what?

A

Ascospore

B

Basidiospore

C

Conidium

D

Zygospore

16

Ascomycetes, or sac-fungi, produce haploid sexual spores called ascospores inside what characteristic structure?

A

Basidium

B

Sporangium

C

Ascus

D

Conidiophore

17

How many ascospores are commonly produced inside each ascus following meiosis?

A

2

B

4

C

8

D

16

18

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a commonly exploited yeast used for what purpose?

A

Producing antibiotics

B

Fermenting carbohydrates

C

Causing plant disease

D

Nitrogen fixation

19

Basidiomycetes are named for their characteristic club-shaped sexual reproductive structure, the what?

A

Ascus

B

Zygospore

C

Basidium

D

Sporangium

20

In Basidiomycetes, how many basidiospores are typically born on each basidium?

A

One

B

Two

C

Four

D

Eight

21

Devastating plant pathogens like rusts and smuts belong to which phylum?

A

Zygomycota

B

Ascomycota

C

Basidiomycota

D

Deuteromycota

22

The common name for fungi in the phylum Deuteromycota is what?

A

Club fungi

B

Sac fungi

C

Imperfect fungi

D

Conjugating fungi

23

Penicillium and Aspergillus are economically important genera belonging to which phylum?

A

Zygomycota

B

Ascomycota

C

Basidiomycota

D

Deuteromycota

24

What special kind of genetic recombination is shown by imperfect fungi in the absence of sexual reproduction?

A

Transformation

B

Conjugation

C

Transduction

D

Parasexuality

25

What is the main component of plant cell walls that most bacteria cannot break down but fungi can?

A

Chitin

B

Peptidoglycan

C

Cellulose and lignin

D

Starch

26

Which edible fungus is known for its underground fruiting bodies, often found with the help of trained animals?

A

Morel

B

Mushroom (Agaricus)

C

Truffle

D

Puffball

27

The poisonous mushroom Amanita is commonly known by what name?

A

Jack-O'-lantern

B

Toadstool

C

Death cap/death angel

D

Bracket fungus

28

The first antibiotic ever discovered, penicillin, is obtained from which fungus?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

B

Penicillium notatum

C

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

D

Rhizopus stolonifer

29

Which drug, obtained from a soil fungus, is used in organ transplantation to prevent rejection?

A

Lovastatin

B

Cyclosporine

C

Ergotine

D

Griseofulvin

30

Which organism was the first eukaryote to have its genomic sequence completely studied in 1996?

A

Neurospora crassa

B

Aspergillus niger

C

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

D

Penicillium chrysogenum

31

The disease 'loose smut of wheat' is caused by a fungus from which genus?

A

Puccinia

B

Aspergillus

C

Ustilago

D

Alternaria

32

Ringworm and athlete's foot in humans are superficial infections caused by what type of fungi?

A

Yeasts

B

Imperfect fungi

C

Basidiomycetes

D

Zygomycetes

33

The serious lung infection histoplasmosis is caused by inhaling spores of a fungus common in soil contaminated with what?

A

Plant debris

B

Heavy metals

C

Bird's feces

D

Sewage

34

The carcinogenic mycotoxins called aflatoxins are produced by some strains of which fungus?

A

Penicillium

B

Fusarium

C

Aspergillus

D

Candida

35

What is the term for a fungal disease caused by eating bread made from ergot-contaminated rye flour?

A

Aflatoxicosis

B

Candidiasis

C

Aspergillosis

D

Ergotism

36

The ecological role of fungi as decomposers is paralleled only by which group of organisms?

A

Protists

B

Plants

C

Animals

D

Bacteria

37

What are the modified hyphae that anchor saprobic fungi to the substrate?

A

Haustoria

B

Stolons

C

Rhizoids

D

Mycelia

38

The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a predatory fungus that paralyzes which organisms to fulfill its nitrogen needs?

A

Insects

B

Nematodes

C

Bacteria

D

Small fish

39

Which of these is NOT a growth form of lichens?

A

Crustose

B

Foliose

C

Fruticose

D

Mycelial

40

Lichens are very important ecologically as bioindicators of what?

A

Water pollution

B

Soil pH

C

Air pollution

D

Light intensity

41

About what percentage of all kinds of vascular plants have a mycorrhizal association?

A

25%

B

50%

C

75%

D

95%

42

What are the reproductive structures where spores are produced in fungi like Rhizopus?

A

Conidiophores

B

Asci

C

Basidia

D

Sporangia

43

Fruiting bodies like mushrooms and puffballs are formed entirely of what type of mycelium?

A

Monokaryotic

B

Coenocytic

C

Dikaryotic

D

Haploid

44

In the life cycle of loose smut of wheat, where does the mycelium become dormant?

A

In the soil

B

On the leaf surface

C

In the embryo of the seed

D

In the root system

45

Some species of Penicillium are used to give flavor and aroma to what food product?

A

Bread

B

Yogurt

C

Cheese

D

Soya sauce

46

What is the name for the visible, macroscopic fruiting bodies of most sac-fungi?

A

Basidiocarps

B

Zygocarps

C

Ascocarps

D

Sporocarps

47

Puccinia species are commonly known as what type of fungi?

A

Smut fungi

B

Rust fungi

C

Powdery mildews

D

Molds

48

Which yeast causes the infection known as oral or vaginal thrush?

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

B

Candida albicans

C

Rhodotorula

D

Neurospora crassa

49

Bracket or shelf fungi, which cause a lot of damage to timber, belong to which phylum?

A

Zygomycota

B

Ascomycota

C

Basidiomycota

D

Deuteromycota